A Hill-Sachs lesion is a compression fracture at the back of the humeral head, caused when the ball of the shoulder dislocates and grinds against the socket rim. It is usually found on imaging after a dislocation, so evaluation matters most when the shoulder has come out of joint or feels unstable.
A Hill-Sachs lesion is a dent in the back of the ball of the shoulder, created when the shoulder dislocates. Small lesions usually need no treatment beyond rehabilitation for the dislocation itself. Larger lesions can catch on the socket and let the shoulder slip out again, so they are treated surgically, usually at the same time as a labral repair.
Below, we walk through the anatomy involved, the symptoms and causes we most often see, how we diagnose a Hill-Sachs lesion, and the full range of treatment options, from the simplest to the most involved.