A shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper-arm bone pops out of the socket; recurrent instability and labral injury are common after a first episode, especially in young athletes. Symptoms can develop gradually or after a specific injury, so early evaluation matters when function starts to decline.
A dislocated shoulder first needs to be put back in place (reduced), then rested briefly in a sling, followed by physical therapy to rebuild the muscles that hold the joint steady. Many first-time dislocations recover this way. Young, active patients and anyone with repeat dislocations have a higher chance of it happening again, and surgery to repair the torn labrum and ligaments is often recommended for them.
Below, we walk through the anatomy involved, the symptoms and causes we most often see, how we diagnose shoulder dislocation and instability, and the full range of treatment options, from the simplest to the most involved.