Shoulder impingement is irritation of the rotator cuff tendons as they pass under the bony acromion, often producing pain with overhead activity. Symptoms can develop gradually or after a specific injury, so early evaluation matters when function starts to decline.
Most patients with shoulder impingement improve with conservative care: rest from overhead activity, anti-inflammatory medication, physical therapy to strengthen the rotator cuff and shoulder blade muscles, and a steroid injection when pain is limiting progress. Surgery is considered only when symptoms persist after several months of this care.
Below, we walk through the anatomy involved, the symptoms and causes we most often see, how we diagnose shoulder impingement, and the full range of treatment options, from the simplest to the most involved.